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| Dr Anish Bhatia |
Ludhiana, February 09, 2026 (News Team): Ovarian cancer is both critical and potentially life-threatening disease that affects the ovaries which is the key organ of the female reproductive system. Despite being less common than some other cancers, ovarian cancer is the third-most common gynaecological cancer in India and has been one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. It is also known as ‘silent-killer’ due to delayed diagnosis as it is diagnosed only in the last stage in 70%-80% of the cases. However, increased public awareness and access to diagnosis and treatment can essentially improve the outcomes.
The ovaries play a vital role in producing eggs and hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer develops when some of the abnormal cells in the ovary begin to grow uncontrollably. There are several types of ovarian cancer with the most common originating from the epithelial (the outer lining of the ovary), followed by germ cell (egg-making cell) and stromal (hormone-producing cell).
Ovarian cancer can affect women of all backgrounds but certain factors increase risk. These include increasing age (particularly after menopause but below the age of 55), a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, inherited genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, never having been pregnant and prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy. The presence of risk factors does not guarantee disease development but prominently highlights the importance of vigilance.
Challenges in Early Detection & Symptoms
Early detection of ovarian cancer is difficult as its symptoms in the initial stages are often mild, nonspecific or mistaken for common digestive or urinary problems. At present, there is no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer in women without symptoms, which contributes to many cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Although some symptoms may appear subtle, they tend to be persistent rather than occasional. Signs such as persistent abdominal bloating or swelling, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, increased urgency or frequency of urination, changes in bowel habits and unexplained weight loss or ongoing fatigue are some of the symptoms that require immediate medical assistance. Persistent symptoms that are new, unusual or worsening should not be ignored. Early medical assessment can lead to prompt diagnosis and significantly better outcomes. Individuals experiencing such symptoms regularly for several weeks should seek experts’ evaluation without any delay.
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Though ovarian cancer is curable if detected in the early stages, the treatment depends on the stage and type of ovarian cancer along with the patient’s overall health. It typically involves surgery to remove cancerous tissue, often followed by chemotherapy. Targeted therapies or hormone treatments may also be used in some cases as suggested by the doctors. Early-stage ovarian cancer responds far more effectively to treatment than the advanced disease. New techniques such as HIPEC are extremely useful for advanced stage disease.
There is no certain way to prevent ovarian cancer. However, studies suggest that factors such as pregnancy and breastfeeding may reduce the risk. For individuals with a strong family history or known genetic mutations, preventive surgery may be considered following specialist consultation.
Ovarian cancer has often been described as a “silent” disease due to its subtle symptoms. However, increased awareness among the public and healthcare professionals can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved survival rates. Paying attention to the changes in the body and seeking timely medical advice are some critical steps that can prove to be helpful.